This
week we bring to you the various types of marriages and wedding ceremonies in
Nigeria and we will answer some questions that arise when planning a wedding in
Nigeria as regard what type of ceremonies to have, their insinuations and
what's necessary and what's optional.
Broadly
speaking, there are two types of marriages that is legally recognized in
Nigeria.
- The customary marriage
- The Civil/statutory marriage
Nigeria
Customary marriage
Photo Credit: hubstatic
This
is where a marriage is done based on the customary law of Nigeria. According to
the customary law in Nigeria the payment of the bride price is an essential
ingredient of a valid customary law marriage.
What
is a bride price?
…any
gift or payment, in money, natural produce, brass rods, cowries or in any other
kind of property whatsoever, given to the parent or guardian of a female person
with the motive of a marriage of that person.
Payment of bride price
is backed by the law in order to have a valid marriage, nonetheless it doesn’t
insist that the payment must be completed before the marriage can go on. But
part payment has to be made before a valid marriage can take place.
It is a common practice
for some states and communities that the payment is bride price is in different
stages and the man can do one stage and request to come back at an agreed time
or when he can come back to complete the payment of the bride price. Then the
woman will be considered married will and they are allowed to start living as
husband and wife.
In
most states and communities in Nigeria, the bride price is payable to the
father. In the absence of the father it is payable to the male head of his
immediate family. In the absence of a male head, it is payable to a guardian.
The customary marriage
is referred to as traditional marriage. The Yorubas call it the engagement
The procedure to
complete the traditional marriage varies from state to state. Nevertheless the
main ceremonies include:
· The introduction
· The marriage
Commonly in Nigeria,
the procedure that starts a traditional marriage is when after a man asks a
woman to marry him and she says yes, the man goes to her family seek their
consent to marry their daughter. Typically this isn’t the Introduction
ceremony. It is called “first door knocking”. This is when the individual (man)
seek the father and mother’s consent. And the man doesn’t have to go with more
than few persons. The bride may have to ask her parents who and what are the
things he need to bring along for the first door knocking. The groom should ask
if there are certain elders in the family he is required to personally seek
consent from too.
After the first door
knocking, then the Introduction which is the formal meeting of both families is
scheduled. The family of the bride bares the expenses of cooking to welcome
their guests (the groom’s family).
Is
the Introduction ceremony compulsory?
Yes. It is compulsory
because of the following reasons :
· There both families are introduced, also
many of the family members will be meeting for the first time. This is
necessary to allow them to get to know the type of people they are marrying
their daughter off to.
·
The bridal price is discussed and a
bridal list is issued.
· In some cases, wedding dates are being
discussed during the Introduction because that is the only ceremony before the
marriage where both family where both immediate and some extended family
members will be available all in one place to decide on a time that is convenient
for the family to have the marriage.
Although the
Introduction is compulsory, but how big you want it to be is a personal
decision. Based on tradition it is supposed to be a meeting strictly for the
family members, immediate and some extended. But some en up turning it into a
party of its own. Some will do as much as erecting canopies for guests that are
not members of the family, and a lot of cooking done. But for a couple that
want to save on wedding cost, they can keep it traditional and make it strictly
a family affair and an indoor ceremony…
The
Traditional Marriage
A proper traditional
ceremony is where the groom brings all that he has been requested to bring in
the bridal list that was given to him. And the elders of the bride’s family conduct
the ceremony and accept the bride price. After which there is a lot or
merriment.
The traditional marriage is compulsory.
photo credit: hopefornigeriaonline
The paying of the bride price to marry a woman is the oldest
ceremony for having a valid marriage. In Nigeria and as a Nigerian, without it,
the society doesn't consider you married even if you go to court to register
your marriage and get a marriage certificate.
The merriment is not
what makes the marriage. But the payment of the bride price is what makes a
valid marriage. In a nutshell, the Traditional marriage cannot be exempted. And
if the couples involved are willing to minimize their expenses. The bridal list
of can be adjusted and negotiated on the day of introduction, the bride can
talk to her parents ahead of time to ensure the elders don’t make needless
demand from her husband to-be.
The civil marriage
which is popularly called the court wedding in Nigeria.
This is the process
where the couple registers their marriage under the Marriage Act of Nigeria. and
a marriage certificate is issued to the couple.
There are quite numbers
of registry across the entire states in Nigeria.
The court marriage offers
security to the woman and her unborn children, she is recognized as legally
married to her husband.
The court marriage is
usually conducted within the shortest period of time, whereby two witnesses are
required, one for the bride and one the groom.
Other
Marriage Ceremonies
Religious
marriage (white wedding)
This type of marriage ceremony
is conducted in order to bless the marriage, often held at churches and holy
places. It also prepares the couple for the journey ahead and remind them of
the importance of the commitments they are about to make. Most churches conduct
counselling sessions for the couple.
The religious marriage
can be exempted. Some couples don’t do it.
Before a religious
marriage can be considered legal, it must be licensed by the state. For
instance, any church that wants to conduct wedding will be required get approval
from the state. With that in place, couples having religious wedding doesn’t need
to go to the court to register and collect a marriage certificate since it can
be obtained through the church.
So there you have it, the various types of marriage ceremonies in Nigeria and their process.
Our next edition will feature marriages from different tribes in Nigeria. *wink*
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